---
title: 【代码】随机爬虫
description: 一个可以在网上随机乱爬的简单爬虫
date: 2025-06-12
image: randomspider.png
keywords:
    - 爬虫
categories:
    - 代码
tags:
    - code
    - spider
---

爬虫功能：

1. 模拟火狐浏览器的UA
2. 从hao123开始爬取
3. 提取当前目标上的外链，存入一个大小为500的、去重的缓存
4. 完成后从缓存中取一个地址，作为下一个目标


```py
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import random

# 设置User-Agent为火狐浏览器
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/113.0'
}

# 初始化缓存
cache = set()

# 初始站点
start_url = 'https://www.hao123.com'

# 重试次数
retry_times = 5

# 爬虫函数
def crawl(url):
    global cache
    for i in range(retry_times):
        try:
            response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=10)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                print(f'访问成功: {url}')
                # 解析页面提取外链
                soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
                for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):
                    href = link['href']
                    if href.startswith('http') and len(cache) < 500:
                        cache.add(href)
                return
            else:
                print(f'访问失败: {url}')
                return
        except Exception as e:
            if i == retry_times - 1:
                print(f'访问失败: {url}')
            time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3))  # 随机等待1到3秒后重试

# 主函数
def main():
    global cache
    cache.add(start_url)
    while cache:
        target_url = cache.pop()
        crawl(target_url)
        time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3))  # 随机等待1到3秒后访问下一个

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
```